Global Motor Oil Market Size, Industry Analysis By Segmentations, Top Key Players, Trends, Future Development & Forecast 2024-2035
- PUBLISHED ON
- 9/22/2022
- NO OF PAGES
- 269
- CATEGORY
- Chemicals & Materials
The Motor Oil market report is a perfect foundation for people looking out for a comprehensive study and analysis of the Motor Oil market. On the basis of historic growth analysis and current scenario of Motor Oil market place, the report intends to offer actionable insights and outlook on global / regional market growth projections. Authenticated data presented in report is based on findings of extensive primary and secondary research. Insights drawn from data serve as excellent tool that facilitate deeper understanding of multiple aspects of global Motor Oil market. These further helps users with their developmental strategy.
This report examines all the key factors influencing growth of global Motor Oil market, including demand-supply scenario, pricing structure, profit margins, production and value chain / ecosystem analysis. Regional assessment of global Motor Oil market unlocks a plethora of untapped opportunities in regional and domestic market places. Detailed company profiling enables users to evaluate company shares analysis, emerging product lines, scope of NPD in new markets, pricing strategies, innovation possibilities and much more.
Global Motor Oil Market: Major Players
Cnpc
Bp-Castrol
Shell
Idemitsu Kosan
Repsol
Valvoline
Sinopec
Exxonmobil
Conocophillips
Sinolk
Fuchs
Total
Pdvsa
Chevron
Cosmo
Global Motor Oil Market: By Types
Semi-Synthetic Oil
Synthetic Oil
Ordinary Motor Oil
Global Motor Oil Market: By Applications
Vehicle
Marine
Engineering Machinery
Other
Global Motor Oil Market: Regional Analysis
All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Motor Oil market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.
Global Motor Oil Market: Market Size Estimation
Both the top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the market and to estimate the size of various other dependent sub-markets of various marketspaces. The key players in the markets are identified through secondary research, and their market contributions in different applications across regions and globally were determined through primary and secondary research. This entire process included the study of the annual and financial reports of the top market players and extensive interviews for key insights with industry leaders such as CEOs, VPs, directors, and marketing executives. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns were determined using secondary sources and verified through primary sources. All the possible parameters that affect the market covered in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analysed to arrive at the final quantitative and qualitative data. This data has been consolidated, and detailed inputs and analysis from Analytics Market Research added before being presented in this report.
Frequently Asked Questions
• What is the market size and growth projections?
• What is the market size and growth projection for each of the market segments and sub-segments across Countries & Regions?
• What are the top performing segments, and countries / regions of each of the markets?
• What is the market size and growth rate across key countries / regions?
• How big is the global & regional market in terms of revenue and volume?
• How far market will grow in forecast period in terms of revenue and volume?
• What factors will influence demand and supply trends across each markets during the forecast period?
• What are the technology trends shaping various markets?
• Which country / region has more opportunities?
• What is the COVID-19 impact on the market and how long will it take to recover?
• Who are the key competitors of market Players?
• What are the market share (%) of Key Players?
• What are the Merger & Acquisition, New Product Launch, Recent Development within each of the Markets?
• What are PEST analysis, Ecosystem Analysis, Porter's Five Forecast Analysis, Ansoff Matrix, and SWOT Analysis among other analyses for diverse markets?
Base Year: 2023This report examines all the key factors influencing growth of global Motor Oil market, including demand-supply scenario, pricing structure, profit margins, production and value chain / ecosystem analysis. Regional assessment of global Motor Oil market unlocks a plethora of untapped opportunities in regional and domestic market places. Detailed company profiling enables users to evaluate company shares analysis, emerging product lines, scope of NPD in new markets, pricing strategies, innovation possibilities and much more.
Global Motor Oil Market: Major Players
Cnpc
Bp-Castrol
Shell
Idemitsu Kosan
Repsol
Valvoline
Sinopec
Exxonmobil
Conocophillips
Sinolk
Fuchs
Total
Pdvsa
Chevron
Cosmo
Global Motor Oil Market: By Types
Semi-Synthetic Oil
Synthetic Oil
Ordinary Motor Oil
Global Motor Oil Market: By Applications
Vehicle
Marine
Engineering Machinery
Other
Global Motor Oil Market: Regional Analysis
All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Motor Oil market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.
Global Motor Oil Market: Market Size Estimation
Both the top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the market and to estimate the size of various other dependent sub-markets of various marketspaces. The key players in the markets are identified through secondary research, and their market contributions in different applications across regions and globally were determined through primary and secondary research. This entire process included the study of the annual and financial reports of the top market players and extensive interviews for key insights with industry leaders such as CEOs, VPs, directors, and marketing executives. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns were determined using secondary sources and verified through primary sources. All the possible parameters that affect the market covered in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analysed to arrive at the final quantitative and qualitative data. This data has been consolidated, and detailed inputs and analysis from Analytics Market Research added before being presented in this report.
Frequently Asked Questions
• What is the market size and growth projections?
• What is the market size and growth projection for each of the market segments and sub-segments across Countries & Regions?
• What are the top performing segments, and countries / regions of each of the markets?
• What is the market size and growth rate across key countries / regions?
• How big is the global & regional market in terms of revenue and volume?
• How far market will grow in forecast period in terms of revenue and volume?
• What factors will influence demand and supply trends across each markets during the forecast period?
• What are the technology trends shaping various markets?
• Which country / region has more opportunities?
• What is the COVID-19 impact on the market and how long will it take to recover?
• Who are the key competitors of market Players?
• What are the market share (%) of Key Players?
• What are the Merger & Acquisition, New Product Launch, Recent Development within each of the Markets?
• What are PEST analysis, Ecosystem Analysis, Porter's Five Forecast Analysis, Ansoff Matrix, and SWOT Analysis among other analyses for diverse markets?
Historic Year: 2016-2022
Forecast: 2024-2035
1 Motor Oil Market Definition and Overview
1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Overview of Motor Oil
1.3 Motor Oil Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
1.4 Market Segmentation
1.4.1 Types of Motor Oil
1.4.2 Applications of Motor Oil
1.5 Market Exchange Rate
2 Research Method and Logic
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Research Data Source
3 Market Competition Analysis
3.1 Cnpc Market Performance Analysis
3.1.1 Cnpc Basic Information
3.1.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.1.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.1.4 Cnpc Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.2 Bp-Castrol Market Performance Analysis
3.2.1 Bp-Castrol Basic Information
3.2.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.2.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.2.4 Bp-Castrol Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.3 Shell Market Performance Analysis
3.3.1 Shell Basic Information
3.3.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.3.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.3.4 Shell Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.4 Idemitsu Kosan Market Performance Analysis
3.4.1 Idemitsu Kosan Basic Information
3.4.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.4.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.4.4 Idemitsu Kosan Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.5 Repsol Market Performance Analysis
3.5.1 Repsol Basic Information
3.5.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.5.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.5.4 Repsol Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.6 Valvoline Market Performance Analysis
3.6.1 Valvoline Basic Information
3.6.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.6.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.6.4 Valvoline Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.7 Sinopec Market Performance Analysis
3.7.1 Sinopec Basic Information
3.7.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.7.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.7.4 Sinopec Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.8 Exxonmobil Market Performance Analysis
3.8.1 Exxonmobil Basic Information
3.8.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.8.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.8.4 Exxonmobil Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.9 Conocophillips Market Performance Analysis
3.9.1 Conocophillips Basic Information
3.9.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.9.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.9.4 Conocophillips Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.10 Sinolk Market Performance Analysis
3.10.1 Sinolk Basic Information
3.10.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.10.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.10.4 Sinolk Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.11 Fuchs Market Performance Analysis
3.11.1 Fuchs Basic Information
3.11.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.11.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.11.4 Fuchs Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.12 Total Market Performance Analysis
3.12.1 Total Basic Information
3.12.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.12.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.12.4 Total Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.13 Pdvsa Market Performance Analysis
3.13.1 Pdvsa Basic Information
3.13.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.13.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.13.4 Pdvsa Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.14 Chevron Market Performance Analysis
3.14.1 Chevron Basic Information
3.14.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.14.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.14.4 Chevron Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
3.15 Cosmo Market Performance Analysis
3.15.1 Cosmo Basic Information
3.15.2 Product and Service Analysis
3.15.3 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
3.15.4 Cosmo Sales, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
4 Market Segment by Type, Historical Data and Market Forecasts
4.1 Global Motor Oil Production and Value by Type
4.1.1 Global Motor Oil Production by Type 2016-2021
4.1.2 Global Motor Oil Market Value by Type 2016-2021
4.2 Global Motor Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate by Type 2016-2021
4.2.1 Semi-Synthetic Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate
4.2.2 Synthetic Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate
4.2.3 Ordinary Motor Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate
4.3 Global Motor Oil Production and Value Forecast by Type
4.3.1 Global Motor Oil Production Forecast by Type 2021-2026
4.3.2 Global Motor Oil Market Value Forecast by Type 2021-2026
4.4 Global Motor Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate by Type Forecast 2021-2026
4.4.1 Semi-Synthetic Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
4.4.2 Synthetic Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
4.4.3 Ordinary Motor Oil Market Production, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
5 Market Segment by Application, Historical Data and Market Forecasts
5.1 Global Motor Oil Consumption and Value by Application
5.1.1 Global Motor Oil Consumption by Application 2016-2021
5.1.2 Global Motor Oil Market Value by Application 2016-2021
5.2 Global Motor Oil Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate by Application 2016-2021
5.2.1 Vehicle Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate
5.2.2 Marine Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate
5.2.3 Engineering Machinery Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate
5.2.4 Other Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate
5.3 Global Motor Oil Consumption and Value Forecast by Application
5.3.1 Global Motor Oil Consumption Forecast by Application 2021-2026
5.3.2 Global Motor Oil Market Value Forecast by Application 2021-2026
5.4 Global Motor Oil Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate by Application Forecast 2021-2026
5.4.1 Vehicle Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
5.4.2 Marine Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
5.4.3 Engineering Machinery Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
5.4.4 Other Market Consumption, Value and Growth Rate Forecast
6 Global Motor Oil by Region, Historical Data and Market Forecasts
6.1 Global Motor Oil Sales by Region 2016-2021
6.2 Global Motor Oil Market Value by Region 2016-2021
6.3 Global Motor Oil Market Sales, Value and Growth Rate by Region 2016-2021
6.3.1 North America
6.3.2 Europe
6.3.3 Asia Pacific
6.3.4 South America
6.3.5 Middle East and Africa
6.4 Global Motor Oil Sales Forecast by Region 2021-2026
6.5 Global Motor Oil Market Value Forecast by Region 2021-2026
6.6 Global Motor Oil Market Sales, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region 2021-2026
6.6.1 North America
6.6.2 Europe
6.6.3 Asia Pacific
6.6.4 South America
6.6.5 Middle East and Africa
7 United State Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
7.1 United State Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
7.2 United State Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
7.3 United State Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
8 Canada Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
8.1 Canada Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
8.2 Canada Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
8.3 Canada Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
9 Germany Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
9.1 Germany Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
9.2 Germany Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
9.3 Germany Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
10 UK Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
10.1 UK Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
10.2 UK Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
10.3 UK Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
11 France Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
11.1 France Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
11.2 France Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
11.3 France Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
12 Italy Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
12.1 Italy Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
12.2 Italy Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
12.3 Italy Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
13 Spain Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
13.1 Spain Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
13.2 Spain Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
13.3 Spain Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
14 Russia Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
14.1 Russia Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
14.2 Russia Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
14.3 Russia Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
15 China Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
15.1 China Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
15.2 China Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
15.3 China Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
16 Japan Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
16.1 Japan Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
16.2 Japan Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
16.3 Japan Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
17 South Korea Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
17.1 South Korea Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
17.2 South Korea Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
17.3 South Korea Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
18 Australia Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
18.1 Australia Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
18.2 Australia Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
18.3 Australia Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
19 Thailand Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
19.1 Thailand Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
19.2 Thailand Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
19.3 Thailand Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
20 Brazil Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
20.1 Brazil Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
20.2 Brazil Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
20.3 Brazil Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
21 Argentina Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
21.1 Argentina Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
21.2 Argentina Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
21.3 Argentina Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
22 Chile Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
22.1 Chile Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
22.2 Chile Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
22.3 Chile Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
23 South Africa Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
23.1 South Africa Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
23.2 South Africa Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
23.3 South Africa Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
24 Egypt Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
24.1 Egypt Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
24.2 Egypt Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
24.3 Egypt Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
25 UAE Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
25.1 UAE Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
25.2 UAE Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
25.3 UAE Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
26 Saudi Arabia Market Size Analysis 2016-2026
26.1 Saudi Arabia Motor Oil Value and Market Growth 2016-2021
26.2 Saudi Arabia Motor Oil Sales and Market Growth 2016-2021
26.3 Saudi Arabia Motor Oil Market Value Forecast 2021-2026
27 Market Dynamic Analysis and Development Suggestions
27.1 Market Drivers
27.2 Market Development Constraints
27.3 PEST Analysis
27.3.1 Political Factors
27.3.2 Economic Factors
27.3.3 Social Factors
27.3.4 Technological Factors
27.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19
27.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19
27.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry
27.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario
27.5 Market Entry Strategy Analysis
27.5.1 Market Definition
27.5.2 Client
27.5.3 Distribution Model
27.5.4 Product Messaging and Positioning
27.5.5 Price
27.6 Advice on Entering the Market
Quality Assurance Process
- We Market Research’s Quality Assurance program strives to deliver superior value to our clients.
We Market Research senior executive is assigned to each consulting engagement and works closely with the project team to deliver as per the clients expectations.
Market Research Process
We Market Research monitors 3 important attributes during the QA process- Cost, Schedule & Quality. We believe them as a critical benchmark in achieving a project’s success.
To mitigate risks that can impact project success, we deploy the follow project delivery best practices:
- Project kickoff meeting with client
- Conduct frequent client communications
- Form project steering committee
- Assign a senior SR executive as QA Executive
- Conduct internal editorial & quality reviews of project deliverables
- Certify project staff in SR methodologies & standards
- Monitor client satisfaction
- Monitor realized value post-project
Case Study- Automotive Sector
One of the key manufacturers of automotive had plans to invest in electric utility vehicles. The electric cars and associated markets being a of evolving nature, the automotive client approached Straits Research for a detailed insight on the market forecasts. The client specifically asked for competitive analysis, regulatory framework, regional prospects studied under the influence of drivers, challenges, opportunities, and pricing in terms of revenue and sales (million units).
Solution
The overall study was executed in three stages, intending to help the client meet its objective of precisely understanding the entire market before deciding on an investment. At first, secondary research was conducted considering political, economic, social, and technological parameters to get a gist of the various aspects of the market. This stage of the study concluded with the derivation of drivers, opportunities, and challenges. It also laid substantial emphasis on understanding and collecting data not only on a global scale but also on the regional and country levels. Data Extraction through Primary Research
The second stage involved primary research in which several market players and automotive parts suppliers were contacted to study their viewpoint concerning the development of their market and production capacity, clientele, and product line. This stage concluded in a brief understanding of the competitive ecosystem and also glanced through the strategies and pricing of the companies profiled.
Market Estimates and Forecast
In the final stage of the study, market forecasts for the electric utility were derived using multiple market engineering approaches. This data helped the client to get an overview of the market and accelerate the process of investment.
Case Study- ICT Sector
Business process outsourcing, being one of the lucrative markets from both supply- and demand- side, has appealed to various companies. One of the prominent corporations based out of Japan approached us with their requirements regarding the scope of the procurement outsourcing market for around 50 countries. Additionally, the client also sought key players operating in the market and their revenue breakdown in terms of region and application.
Business Solution
An exhaustive market study was conducted based on primary and secondary research that involved factors such as labor costs in various countries, skilled and technical labors, manufacturing scenario, and their respective contributions in the global GDP. A comparative study of the market was conducted from both supply- and demand side, with the supply-side comprising of notable companies, such as GEP, Accenture, and others, that provide these services. On the other hand, large manufacturing companies from them demand-side were considered that opt for these services.
Conclusion
The report aided the client in understanding the market trends, including country-level business scenarios, consumer behavior, and trends in 50 countries. The report also provided financial insights of crucial players and detailed market estimations and forecasts till 2028.
}})
Pricing
Select a license type that suits your business needs
Single User Access
US $3950
Only Three Thousand Nine Hundred Fifty US dollar
- 1 User access
- 15% Additional Free Customization
- Free Unlimited post-sale support
- 100% Service Guarantee until achievement of ROI
Multi User Cost
US $4950
Only Four Thousand Nine Hundred Fifty US dollar
- 5 Users access
- 25% Additional Free Customization
- Access Report summaries for Free
- Guaranteed service
- Dedicated Account Manager
- Discount of 20% on next purchase
- Get personalized market brief from Lead Author
- Printing of Report permitted
- Discount of 20% on next purchase
- 100% Service Guarantee until achievement of ROI
Enterprise User Cost
US $5950
Only Five Thousand Nine Hundred Fifty US dollar
- Unlimited User Access
- 30% Additional Free Customization
- Exclusive Previews to latest or upcoming reports
- Discount of 30% on next purchase
- 100% Service Guarantee until achievement of ROI