Global Discrete ERP Software Market Size, Industry Analysis By Segmentations, Top Key Players, Trends, Future Development & Forecast 2024-2035
- PUBLISHED ON
- 10/11/2022
- NO OF PAGES
- 233
- CATEGORY
- Information Technology
The Discrete ERP Software market report is a perfect foundation for people looking out for a comprehensive study and analysis of the Discrete ERP Software market. On the basis of historic growth analysis and current scenario of Discrete ERP Software market place, the report intends to offer actionable insights and outlook on global / regional market growth projections. Authenticated data presented in report is based on findings of extensive primary and secondary research. Insights drawn from data serve as excellent tool that facilitate deeper understanding of multiple aspects of global Discrete ERP Software market. These further helps users with their developmental strategy.
This report examines all the key factors influencing growth of global Discrete ERP Software market, including demand-supply scenario, pricing structure, profit margins, production and value chain / ecosystem analysis. Regional assessment of global Discrete ERP Software market unlocks a plethora of untapped opportunities in regional and domestic market places. Detailed company profiling enables users to evaluate company shares analysis, emerging product lines, scope of NPD in new markets, pricing strategies, innovation possibilities and much more.
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: Major Players
OfficeBooks
SAP
Oracle
SYSPRO
Infor
Sage 100
Odoo
OpenPro
Tally
Microsoft Dynamics GP (formerly Great Plains)
3i Infotech
Epicor
Acumatica
MIE Trak Pro
BizAutomation
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: By Types
On Premise ERP
Cloud-Based ERP
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: By Applications
Large Enterprises
SMEs
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: Regional Analysis
All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Discrete ERP Software market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: Market Size Estimation
Both the top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the market and to estimate the size of various other dependent sub-markets of various marketspaces. The key players in the markets are identified through secondary research, and their market contributions in different applications across regions and globally were determined through primary and secondary research. This entire process included the study of the annual and financial reports of the top market players and extensive interviews for key insights with industry leaders such as CEOs, VPs, directors, and marketing executives. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns were determined using secondary sources and verified through primary sources. All the possible parameters that affect the market covered in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analysed to arrive at the final quantitative and qualitative data. This data has been consolidated, and detailed inputs and analysis from Analytics Market Research added before being presented in this report.
Frequently Asked Questions
• What is the market size and growth projections?
• What is the market size and growth projection for each of the market segments and sub-segments across Countries & Regions?
• What are the top performing segments, and countries / regions of each of the markets?
• What is the market size and growth rate across key countries / regions?
• How big is the global & regional market in terms of revenue and volume?
• How far market will grow in forecast period in terms of revenue and volume?
• What factors will influence demand and supply trends across each markets during the forecast period?
• What are the technology trends shaping various markets?
• Which country / region has more opportunities?
• What is the COVID-19 impact on the market and how long will it take to recover?
• Who are the key competitors of market Players?
• What are the market share (%) of Key Players?
• What are the Merger & Acquisition, New Product Launch, Recent Development within each of the Markets?
• What are PEST analysis, Ecosystem Analysis, Porter's Five Forecast Analysis, Ansoff Matrix, and SWOT Analysis among other analyses for diverse markets?
Base Year: 2023This report examines all the key factors influencing growth of global Discrete ERP Software market, including demand-supply scenario, pricing structure, profit margins, production and value chain / ecosystem analysis. Regional assessment of global Discrete ERP Software market unlocks a plethora of untapped opportunities in regional and domestic market places. Detailed company profiling enables users to evaluate company shares analysis, emerging product lines, scope of NPD in new markets, pricing strategies, innovation possibilities and much more.
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: Major Players
OfficeBooks
SAP
Oracle
SYSPRO
Infor
Sage 100
Odoo
OpenPro
Tally
Microsoft Dynamics GP (formerly Great Plains)
3i Infotech
Epicor
Acumatica
MIE Trak Pro
BizAutomation
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: By Types
On Premise ERP
Cloud-Based ERP
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: By Applications
Large Enterprises
SMEs
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: Regional Analysis
All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Discrete ERP Software market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.
Global Discrete ERP Software Market: Market Size Estimation
Both the top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the market and to estimate the size of various other dependent sub-markets of various marketspaces. The key players in the markets are identified through secondary research, and their market contributions in different applications across regions and globally were determined through primary and secondary research. This entire process included the study of the annual and financial reports of the top market players and extensive interviews for key insights with industry leaders such as CEOs, VPs, directors, and marketing executives. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns were determined using secondary sources and verified through primary sources. All the possible parameters that affect the market covered in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analysed to arrive at the final quantitative and qualitative data. This data has been consolidated, and detailed inputs and analysis from Analytics Market Research added before being presented in this report.
Frequently Asked Questions
• What is the market size and growth projections?
• What is the market size and growth projection for each of the market segments and sub-segments across Countries & Regions?
• What are the top performing segments, and countries / regions of each of the markets?
• What is the market size and growth rate across key countries / regions?
• How big is the global & regional market in terms of revenue and volume?
• How far market will grow in forecast period in terms of revenue and volume?
• What factors will influence demand and supply trends across each markets during the forecast period?
• What are the technology trends shaping various markets?
• Which country / region has more opportunities?
• What is the COVID-19 impact on the market and how long will it take to recover?
• Who are the key competitors of market Players?
• What are the market share (%) of Key Players?
• What are the Merger & Acquisition, New Product Launch, Recent Development within each of the Markets?
• What are PEST analysis, Ecosystem Analysis, Porter's Five Forecast Analysis, Ansoff Matrix, and SWOT Analysis among other analyses for diverse markets?
Historic Year: 2016-2022
Forecast: 2024-2035
1 Discrete ERP Software Introduction and Market Overview
1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Overview of Discrete ERP Software
1.3 Discrete ERP Software Market Scope and Market Size Estimation
1.3.1 Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis
1.3.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Revenue and Growth Rate from 2016-2030
1.4 Market Segmentation
1.4.1 Types of Discrete ERP Software
1.4.2 Applications of Discrete ERP Software
1.4.3 Research Regions
1.5 Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Discrete ERP Software Industry Trends
1.5.2 Discrete ERP Software Drivers
1.5.3 Discrete ERP Software Market Challenges
1.5.4 Discrete ERP Software Market Restraints
1.6 Industry News and Policies by Regions
1.6.1 Industry News
1.6.2 Industry Policies
1.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
1.8 Discrete ERP Software Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak
1.8.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview
1.8.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Discrete ERP Software Industry Development
2 Industry Chain Analysis
2.1 Upstream Raw Material Supply and Demand Analysis
2.1.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Major Upstream Raw Material and Suppliers
2.1.2 Raw Material Source Analysis
2.2 Major Players of Discrete ERP Software
2.2.1 Major Players Manufacturing Base of Discrete ERP Software in 2020
2.2.2 Major Players Market Distribution in 2020
2.3 Discrete ERP Software Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.3.1 Production Process Analysis
2.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Discrete ERP Software
2.3.3 Labor Cost of Discrete ERP Software
2.4 Market Channel Analysis of Discrete ERP Software
2.5 Major Down Stream Customers by Application
3 Global Discrete ERP Software Market, by Type
3.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Revenue and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Production and Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Discrete ERP Software Revenue and Growth Rate by Type (2016-2021)
3.3.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Revenue and Growth Rate of On Premise ERP
3.3.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Revenue and Growth Rate of Cloud-Based ERP
3.4 Global Discrete ERP Software Price Analysis by Type (2016-2021)
3.4.1 Explanation of Different Type Product Price Trends
4 Discrete ERP Software Market, by Application
4.1 Downstream Market Overview
4.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
4.3 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
4.3.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate of Large Enterprises (2016-2021)
4.3.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate of SMEs (2016-2021)
5 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue ($) by Region (2016-2021)
5.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Revenue and Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.4 North America Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.4.1 North America Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.4.2 North America Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.5 Europe Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.5.1 Europe Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.5.2 Europe Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.6 China Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.6.1 China Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.6.2 China Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.7 Japan Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.7.1 Japan Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.7.2 Japan Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.8 Middle East and Africa Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.8.1 Middle East and Africa Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.8.2 Middle East and Africa Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.9 India Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.9.1 India Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.9.2 India Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.10 South America Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.10.1 South America Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.10.2 South America Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.11 South Korea Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.11.1 South Korea Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.11.2 South Korea Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
5.12 Southeast Asia Discrete ERP Software Consumption, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
5.12.1 Southeast Asia Discrete ERP Software Market Under COVID-19
5.12.2 Southeast Asia Discrete ERP Software SWOT Analysis
6 Global Discrete ERP Software Production by Top Regions (2016-2021)
6.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Production by Top Regions (2016-2021)
6.2 North America Discrete ERP Software Production and Growth Rate
6.3 Europe Discrete ERP Software Production and Growth Rate
6.4 China Discrete ERP Software Production and Growth Rate
6.5 Japan Discrete ERP Software Production and Growth Rate
6.6 India Discrete ERP Software Production and Growth Rate
7 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption by Regions (2016-2021)
7.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Consumption by Regions (2016-2021)
7.2 North America Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.3 Europe Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.4 China Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.5 Japan Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.6 Middle East & Africa Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.7 India Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.8 South America Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.9 South Korea Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
7.10 Southeast Asia Discrete ERP Software Consumption and Growth Rate
8 Competitive Landscape
8.1 Competitive Profile
8.2 OfficeBooks Market Performance Analysis
8.2.1 Company Profiles
8.2.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.2.3 OfficeBooks Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.2.4 Company Recent Development
8.2.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.3 SAP Market Performance Analysis
8.3.1 Company Profiles
8.3.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.3.3 SAP Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.3.4 Company Recent Development
8.3.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.4 Oracle Market Performance Analysis
8.4.1 Company Profiles
8.4.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Oracle Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.4.4 Company Recent Development
8.4.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.5 SYSPRO Market Performance Analysis
8.5.1 Company Profiles
8.5.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.5.3 SYSPRO Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.5.4 Company Recent Development
8.5.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.6 Infor Market Performance Analysis
8.6.1 Company Profiles
8.6.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Infor Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.6.4 Company Recent Development
8.6.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.7 Sage 100 Market Performance Analysis
8.7.1 Company Profiles
8.7.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Sage 100 Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.7.4 Company Recent Development
8.7.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.8 Odoo Market Performance Analysis
8.8.1 Company Profiles
8.8.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Odoo Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.8.4 Company Recent Development
8.8.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.9 OpenPro Market Performance Analysis
8.9.1 Company Profiles
8.9.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.9.3 OpenPro Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.9.4 Company Recent Development
8.9.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.10 Tally Market Performance Analysis
8.10.1 Company Profiles
8.10.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Tally Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.10.4 Company Recent Development
8.10.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.11 Microsoft Dynamics GP (formerly Great Plains) Market Performance Analysis
8.11.1 Company Profiles
8.11.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.11.3 Microsoft Dynamics GP (formerly Great Plains) Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.11.4 Company Recent Development
8.11.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.12 3i Infotech Market Performance Analysis
8.12.1 Company Profiles
8.12.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.12.3 3i Infotech Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.12.4 Company Recent Development
8.12.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.13 Epicor Market Performance Analysis
8.13.1 Company Profiles
8.13.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.13.3 Epicor Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.13.4 Company Recent Development
8.13.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.14 Acumatica Market Performance Analysis
8.14.1 Company Profiles
8.14.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.14.3 Acumatica Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.14.4 Company Recent Development
8.14.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.15 MIE Trak Pro Market Performance Analysis
8.15.1 Company Profiles
8.15.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.15.3 MIE Trak Pro Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.15.4 Company Recent Development
8.15.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
8.16 BizAutomation Market Performance Analysis
8.16.1 Company Profiles
8.16.2 Discrete ERP Software Product Profiles, Application and Specification
8.16.3 BizAutomation Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin 2016-2021
8.16.4 Company Recent Development
8.16.5 Strategies for Company to Deal with the Impact of COVID-19
9 Global Discrete ERP Software Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application
9.1 Global Discrete ERP Software Market Revenue & Volume Forecast, by Type (2021-2026)
9.1.1 On Premise ERP Market Revenue and Volume Forecast (2021-2026)
9.1.2 Cloud-Based ERP Market Revenue and Volume Forecast (2021-2026)
9.2 Global Discrete ERP Software Market Revenue & Volume Forecast, by Application (2021-2026)
9.2.1 Large Enterprises Market Revenue and Volume Forecast (2021-2026)
9.2.2 SMEs Market Revenue and Volume Forecast (2021-2026)
10 Discrete ERP Software Market Supply and Demand Forecast by Region
10.1 North America Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.2 Europe Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.3 China Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.4 Japan Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.5 Middle East and Africa Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.6 India Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.7 South America Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.8 South Korea Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.9 Southeast Asia Market Supply and Demand Forecast (2021-2026)
10.10 Explanation of Market Size Trends by Region
10.11 Discrete ERP Software Market Trends Analysis
11 New Project Feasibility Analysis
11.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis
11.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment
12 Expert Interview Record
13 Research Finding and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology
14.2 Research Data Source
 
Quality Assurance Process
- We Market Research’s Quality Assurance program strives to deliver superior value to our clients.
We Market Research senior executive is assigned to each consulting engagement and works closely with the project team to deliver as per the clients expectations.
Market Research Process
We Market Research monitors 3 important attributes during the QA process- Cost, Schedule & Quality. We believe them as a critical benchmark in achieving a project’s success.
To mitigate risks that can impact project success, we deploy the follow project delivery best practices:
- Project kickoff meeting with client
- Conduct frequent client communications
- Form project steering committee
- Assign a senior SR executive as QA Executive
- Conduct internal editorial & quality reviews of project deliverables
- Certify project staff in SR methodologies & standards
- Monitor client satisfaction
- Monitor realized value post-project
Case Study- Automotive Sector
One of the key manufacturers of automotive had plans to invest in electric utility vehicles. The electric cars and associated markets being a of evolving nature, the automotive client approached Straits Research for a detailed insight on the market forecasts. The client specifically asked for competitive analysis, regulatory framework, regional prospects studied under the influence of drivers, challenges, opportunities, and pricing in terms of revenue and sales (million units).
Solution
The overall study was executed in three stages, intending to help the client meet its objective of precisely understanding the entire market before deciding on an investment. At first, secondary research was conducted considering political, economic, social, and technological parameters to get a gist of the various aspects of the market. This stage of the study concluded with the derivation of drivers, opportunities, and challenges. It also laid substantial emphasis on understanding and collecting data not only on a global scale but also on the regional and country levels. Data Extraction through Primary Research
The second stage involved primary research in which several market players and automotive parts suppliers were contacted to study their viewpoint concerning the development of their market and production capacity, clientele, and product line. This stage concluded in a brief understanding of the competitive ecosystem and also glanced through the strategies and pricing of the companies profiled.
Market Estimates and Forecast
In the final stage of the study, market forecasts for the electric utility were derived using multiple market engineering approaches. This data helped the client to get an overview of the market and accelerate the process of investment.
Case Study- ICT Sector
Business process outsourcing, being one of the lucrative markets from both supply- and demand- side, has appealed to various companies. One of the prominent corporations based out of Japan approached us with their requirements regarding the scope of the procurement outsourcing market for around 50 countries. Additionally, the client also sought key players operating in the market and their revenue breakdown in terms of region and application.
Business Solution
An exhaustive market study was conducted based on primary and secondary research that involved factors such as labor costs in various countries, skilled and technical labors, manufacturing scenario, and their respective contributions in the global GDP. A comparative study of the market was conducted from both supply- and demand side, with the supply-side comprising of notable companies, such as GEP, Accenture, and others, that provide these services. On the other hand, large manufacturing companies from them demand-side were considered that opt for these services.
Conclusion
The report aided the client in understanding the market trends, including country-level business scenarios, consumer behavior, and trends in 50 countries. The report also provided financial insights of crucial players and detailed market estimations and forecasts till 2028.
}})
Pricing
Select a license type that suits your business needs
Single User Access
US $3950
Only Three Thousand Nine Hundred Fifty US dollar
- 1 User access
- 15% Additional Free Customization
- Free Unlimited post-sale support
- 100% Service Guarantee until achievement of ROI
Multi User Cost
US $4950
Only Four Thousand Nine Hundred Fifty US dollar
- 5 Users access
- 25% Additional Free Customization
- Access Report summaries for Free
- Guaranteed service
- Dedicated Account Manager
- Discount of 20% on next purchase
- Get personalized market brief from Lead Author
- Printing of Report permitted
- Discount of 20% on next purchase
- 100% Service Guarantee until achievement of ROI
Enterprise User Cost
US $5950
Only Five Thousand Nine Hundred Fifty US dollar
- Unlimited User Access
- 30% Additional Free Customization
- Exclusive Previews to latest or upcoming reports
- Discount of 30% on next purchase
- 100% Service Guarantee until achievement of ROI